Borderands Trio - Rewilder

Label: Intakt Records, 2024

Personnel - Stephan Crump: acoustic bass; Kris Davis: piano; Eric McPherson: drums.

The Borderlands Trio, a unit co-led by resourceful musicians and established figures in the creative music world such as bassist Stephan Crump, pianist Kris Davis, and drummer Eric McPherson, is adept at amorphous, often knotty musical settings that sound natural to the ear. Their third release, a double album called Rewilder, is marked by assured improvised frameworks built with freedom and patience, and with a penchant for nuance and subtlety. Drawing spontaneously from a wide musical palette that spans avant-garde jazz, modern classical, experimental chamber music, and even world fusion, the trio crafts mesmerizing sonic tapestries.

The opener, “Cyclops Mountain”, starts off languidly, immersed in a rubato introduction before delving into intriguing grooves and motions. Piano motifs succeed one after the other, and folk melodies appear here and there over hazy bass walks and rattling percussion. “Axolotl” follows suit, initially somber and contemplative - centered on bowed bass and prepared piano with a vibing, percussive trait - before transitioning into melodic and harmonic clarity.

Spanning over 18 minutes, “Monotreme” showcases bemusing and fearless interplay. Bass and drums take their way, riding avenues with more or less speed and impetus, ending up in a swinging buoyancy over which Davis propagates thrilling cascades, prominent pulsations, and oblique melodic invention. On the heels of a compelling arco bass statement and moments of fun piano activity, the trio concludes on a symbiotic groovy note. “Tree Shrimp” closes the first disc, infusing an intrinsic hip-hop vibration in the beat, irresistibly funky bass imprints, and wooden xylophone-like sounds via prepared piano, before a decisive swinging flight toward abstraction. 

The second disc comprises three large-canvas improvisations delivered with control and authority. The tense pulsations of “Echidna” stand out, forming a delightfully percussive bubble that keeps you trapped in its confines. Rewilder provides a thrilling listening experience filled with surprises and musical liberation.

Favorite Tracks:
02 (CD1) - Axolotl ► 04 (CD1) - Monotreme ► 02 (CD2) - Echidna

Luke Stewart's Silt Trio - Unknown Rivers

Label: Pi Recordings, 2024

Personnel - Brian Settles; tenor saxophone; Luke Stewart: bass; Trae Crudup: drums (#1-4); Chad Taylor: drums (#5-7).

Esteemed bassist Luke Stewart, who has been enriching the creative jazz scene through projects like Irreversible Entanglements and his Exposure Quintet, makes his debut on Pi Recordings with Unknown Rivers, a daring exploration in the trio format. Consisting of seven tracks, the album showcases Stewart's versatility and innovation, featuring drummer Trae Crudup on the first four studio recordings and Chad Taylor on the final three tracks from a live performance at Detroit’s Trinosophes. Renowned saxophonist Brian Settles lends his melodic sagacity to both sessions.

The album opens with “Seek Whence”, driven by Crudup’s modern hip-hop beat and Stewart’s bass fragmentation. Despite its polyrhythmic feel, there’s a weightlessness that vanishes as Settles blows freely over a rich tapestry affiliated with a danceable punk-rock act. The title “Baba Doo Way” transports its phonetic articulation to the motif at the center, which expands and transforms whimsically. Here, devotional tenor phrases expose a chanting quality, while the irregular, complex rhythmic mesh provided by bass and drums accelerates into a confident swinging walk.

In “You See?”, the deep, thick sounds of Stewart work closely with Crudup’s amazing timbres. The piece gradually evolves into a triologue where Settles’ bursts of irreverence standout prior to a calm conclusion. In turn, “The Slip” exhibits a groovy vibe in seven, with the bassist anchoring a palpable harmonic progression under balmy saxophone lines.

The presence of Chad Taylor on the last three tracks brings a new dimension to the album. In “Amilcar”, after a percussion solo introduction filled with joy and tasty licks, we feel like a devastating force in the way the adventurous drummer pairs up with Stewart. Taylor’s high-energy attacks on drums and cymbals brings the exoticism of Afro-Brazilian percussion, while Stewart throws in a provocative odd-metered figure that impels Settles to explore both diction and tone in a prayerful exaltation.

The spiritual-infused “Dudu” features bowed bass and consistently inventive percussion in the line of the Art Ensemble of Chicago, while the closer, “Unknown Rivers”, exudes vibrancy and unconstrained fervency with its sextuple meter feel.

Exploring eclectic avenues with boldness, Stewart steps forward artistically with a risk-taking album whose tracks conjure a synergistic collective spirit that is always on the move, never settling for the ordinary. It underscores his reputation as one of the most inventive and energetic bassists in the field.

Favorite Tracks:
05 - Amilcar ► 06 - Dudu ► 07 - Unknown Rivers

Fred Hersch - Silent, Listening

Label: ECM Records, 2024

Personnel - Fred Hersch: piano.

Pianist and composer Fred Hersch, a 17-time Grammy nominee with collaborations alongside jazz legends like Art Framer and Gary Burton, possesses a unique ability to emphasize beautiful melodies within sophisticated harmonizations as well as explore uncharted territory in the moment. These qualities are on full display in Silent, Listening, an introspective solo album that reasserts his stature as a prime pianist with a broad artistic vision.

Presenting brilliantly crafted nocturnals, the set begins with Duke Ellington/Billy Strayhorn’s “Star-Crossed Lovers”, whose narrative process involves poignancy, reflection, and exquisite beauty. Hersch’s original compositions, like “Night Delight” and “Akrasia”, are equally captivating, where something is always transpiring, even in the quietest of the moments. The former, hazy and secretive, immerses us in a baffling, inconclusive dream, while the latter dreams up mysterious shadows, with Hersh anchoring austere pulsations on the lower register while coloring bucolic impressionistic landscapes several steps higher in pitch.

Breaking away from convention, the pianist explores new realms and finds new spaces on openly improvised numbers like “Aeon”, where he traverses the keyboard to express intriguing findings, and “Volon”, whose prevailing stillness is interrupted by sudden bursts of movement. On the other hand, “Little Song”, originally written for his duo collaboration with Italian trumpeter Enrico Rava, introduces a palpable rhythm and harmony into a streamlined musical form.

The music continues to soar with inspired renditions of Sigmund Romberg’s “Softly As In a Morning Sunrise”, which Hersch immediately associates with saxophonist Sonny Rollins, and Alec Wilder’s haunting ballad “Winter of My Discontent”. This is where the most straightforward lyricism touches the soul. 

Hersch always evokes sincerity and emotion with his piano playing, and Silent, Listening is one of his most worthy solo albums in recent years.

Favorite Tracks:
01 - Star-Crossed Lovers ► 03 - Akrasia ► 11 - Winter of My Discontent

Bill Frisell - Orchestras

Label: Blue Note Records, 2024

Personnel - Bill Frisell: guitar; Thomas Morgan: bass; Rudy Royston: drums + Brussels Philharmonic and Umbria Jazz Orchestra.

The incomparable Bill Frisell, whose remarkable guitar prowess and compositional genius have left an indelible mark on the jazz scene for over four decades, ventures into new territory with Orchestras, a double album that sees him expanding his trio sound with the accompaniment of two European orchestras. This ambitious project features arrangements of some of Frisell's most iconic original compositions, along with a jazz standard, a couple of American folk songs, and a piece by Michael Gibbs, who provides all the arrangements on this captivating release. Frisell’s trio, consisting of the adaptable Thomas Morgan on bass and the tastefully diverse Rudy Royston on drums, imbues each piece with an intimacy that lends emotional potency to the ensemble's performance.

The CD1, featuring the Brussels Philharmonic under the baton of Alexander Hanson, begins with the grandiose cinematic quality of Gibb’s “Nocturne Vulgaire”, later jazzified with bluesy guitar chops set against an airy accompaniment. The standard “Lush Life” by Billy Strayhorn follows, elegantly spreading glamour and romanticism. “Beautiful Dreamer”, an early folk piece by Stephen Foster, waltzes slowly in a richly layered communion impregnated with a deep Southern feel.

Another heart-rending waltz, “Throughout”, is nestled among a collection of Frisell’s old favorites. Tracks like “Rag” traverse from folk revivalism to jazz fanfare with refinement and excitement, while “Electricity”, a country-influenced number pelted with guitar harmonics, loose drumming, and unobtrusive bass lines, becomes slightly reggae-ish as a consequence of the horn section’s counterpoint. In turn, “Richter 858 No. 7”, solidly sustained by a rhythmic foundation based on an eight-note, six-beat cycle bass groove, culminates in a majestic orchestral crescendo with the strings on vivid display.

CD2 further captivated my ears, with the musicians coloring and texturing agreeable sonic landscapes, reaching a genuine universality in their musical commitment as they listen to each other so closely. Moreover, the repertoire contains two of my favorite Frisell tunes, both enhanced by magnificent arrangements and executions. They are “Strange Meeting”, here featuring a disarmingly simple guitar solo, and “Lookout For Hope”, a marvelous jazz-rock hybrid aggrandized by Royston’s fine drum chops by the end. There’s also “Levees”, a stress-free, ternary exercise with bold horn lines, while Frisell’s guitar counterpoints by exuding more sparky than mellow tones.

Armed with Gibbs’ impeccable arrangements, Orchestras showcases Frisell's enduring creativity and marks yet another significant chapter in his illustrious discography.

Favorite Tracks:
01 (CD1) - Nocturne Vulgaire ► 04 (CD1) - Rag ► 01 (CD2) - Lookout For Hope ► 03 (CD2) - Strange Meeting

Circles 44 - In the Grip

Label: Aut Records, 2024

Personnel - Achille Succi: bass clarinet, contrabass clarinet; Massimiliano Amatruda: piano; Joseph Circelli: guitar, effects, synth; Andrea Grillini: drums.

For their sophomore album, Circles 44, originally a trio of confident Italian vanguardists consisting of pianist Massimiliano Amatruda, guitarist Joseph Circelli, and drummer Andrea Grillini, expanded into a sonically combative quartet with the addition of adventurous clarinetist Achille Succi. The group's improvisatory prowess and rhythmic dexterity are showcased throughout an inspired set of music characterized by structured improvisation, staggering complexity, and dynamic intensities. 

With no hesitation, the first two cuts - “Spiral Dance” and “In the Grip” - demonstrate the ensemble’s command of their craft with hyperbolic angles and stream-of-conscious layering. Upon flowing at a slow ternary pace - with chatty cross stick, dreamy piano, and low-key guitar - the Amatruda-penned “Spiral Dance” shifts toward an odd-metered tempo, sustaining captivating solos by Succi, always deep and rich in tone, and Grillini, who stirs up the energy before the thematic piano motif starts soaring above him. Circelli’s “In the Grip” kicks off with a compact drum solo before entering into prominent modalism - more Andrew Hill style than John Coltrane. The group intersperses quieter passages before setting foot in a dazzling 12-beat cycle groove that ends up in double tempo.

If “Gate” works like an electro-dance act, probing fragmentation via the syncopated strap beat and promoting exploratory dialogue, then “Circles” goes from an intriguing stillness to an investigative folk dance. In turn, Grillini’s “Linea (first approach)” strikes a balance between quiet minimalism and impulsive temperament. The album concludes with “A.A. 1942”, a noir excursion imbued with pensive tones and raw edges.

Creative jazz aficionados will find this album compelling. These four artists epitomize the quality of the intrepid Italian avant-jazz scene, making In the Grip a worthy addition to any jazz collection.

Favorite Tracks:
01 - Spiral Dance ► 02 - In the Grip ► 04 - Gate 

Dan Weiss - Even Odds

Label: Cygnus Recordings, 2024

Personnel - Miguel Zénon: alto saxophone; Matt Mitchell: piano; Dan Weiss: drums.

Drummer and composer Dan Weiss emerges as a rhythmic magician on his captivating new album, Even Odds, infusing every beat and spark with profound meaning and context. With a rare ability to craft narratives through music, Weiss collaborates with saxophonist Miguel Zénon and keyboardist Matt Mitchell to deliver an intriguing collection of six written compositions and provocative improvisations. On the latter, he provides risk-taking, magnetic rhythmic tapestries on top of which his trio mates create freely.

From the frantic energy of “It is What it is”, where pulsating angularity evolves into a dynamic rhythmic tapestry punctuated by insistent saxophone attacks, articulated piano flurries, and Weiss' rock and African-tinged drumming, to the reflective poignancy of Weiss' compositions “The Children of Uvalde” and “Ititrefen", each track offers a unique exploration of its thematic elements. The former piece, written in response to a tragic school shooting in Texas, unfolds as an elegiac ballad with intriguing harmonic vibrations, while the latter pays tribute to Wayne Shorter's “Nefertiti” in a clever reversal of the title.

“Fathers and Daughters” celebrates parenthood with more tenderness than friction, while “Max Roach”, fueled by a fabulously syncopated drum work, delves into the secrets behind the late drummer’s playing in Charlie Parker’s “Klactoveedsedstene”. Weiss also pays homage to Pakistani singer Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan in “Nusrat”, infusing an irresistible, chilled-out nu-beat that resulted from transplanting a Qawwali tabla rhythm into the drum set.

Among the impromptu material, the following provocative pieces stand out: “Bu”, a free-form communicative effort whose principle consists in a pattern by iconic drummer Art Blakey; “Rising”, which sets a visceral shuffling beat against tranquil saxophone and piano lines; “M and M”, placing fractal saxophone runs and galloping motifs side by side with piano constellations built in clever intervals; and “Five to Nine”, laced with odd-metered undercurrents and contrapuntal interplay. 

Each track, whether composed or improvised, serves as a testament to Weiss’ multifaceted, brainy sense of rhythm and his peers’ facility to connect and expand musical horizons. Even Odds offers results that, transporting listeners beyond ordinary realms, invites them to embrace the extraordinary.

Favorite Tracks:
09 - Five To Nine ► 14 - Max Roach ► 20 - Nusrat

Michael Attias - Quartet Music Vol. I: LuMiSong

Label: Out of Your Head Records, 2024

Personnel - Michael Attias: alto saxophone; Santiago Leibson: piano, keyboards; Matt Pavolka: bass; Mark Ferber: drums + guest - Christopher Hoffmann: cello (#4).

Creative jazz enthusiasts will rejoice at the return of alto saxophonist Michael Attias to the recording sessions, particularly upon experiencing his latest offering, Quartet Music Vol. I: LuMiSong. This date features him alongside pianist Santiago Leibson, bassist Matt Pavolka and drummer Mark Ferber, a quartet of talents whose collective synergy yields remarkable dividends when given creative freedom.

Unfurling in a 21-bar form, “#63 (Settled)” sets up the dynamics with a patterned propulsive motion steeped in odd meter and striking juxtapositions. A stringent theme takes us to Attias’ intricate soloing language, a sardonic tone, and an uncompromising commitment to freedom. The rhythm section, buoyed by Leibson’s Wurlitzer groove, demonstrates a matured focus on concept and mood, weaving a knife-edged lushness in the musical tapestry that serves as a fertile ground for improvisation. 

The energy is unbounded and escalates further in the through-composed “Mister Softee is a Front”, inspired by Attias’ new neighborhood and informed by an advanced post-bop creativity that leans toward the avant-garde. The piece unfolds with a saxophone riff working together with fluid percussive streams, irregular bass adherence, and responsive piano, culminating in a brightly hued harmonic current in 5/4 time, inviting exploration.

The multi-sectional composition “NME” unfolds with intrigue, transitioning from a pensive sentiment to an expansive 15-beat cycle adorned with cluster chords and dubbed saxophone polyphony. The album ceases with “Hexway Liner”, whose inquisitive piano intro gives rise to a theme marked by cryptic intervallic range and smart chromaticism. Guest cellist Christopher Hoffmann contributes ideas in post-production, working around the periphery of the tune.

As an out-of-the-box sonic architect, Attias conceives music that expands our horizons and plays with our musical preconceptions. Requiring open-mindedness to be deeply entrenched, this is an utter and complete joy to listen to. 

Favorite Tracks:
01 - #63 (Settled) ► 02 - Mister Softee is a Front

Vijay Iyer - Compassion

Label: ECM Records, 2024

Personnel - Vijay Iyer: piano; Linda May Han Oh: double bass; Tyshawn Sorey: drums.

Revolutionary pianist Vijay Iyer reunites with bassist Linda May Han Oh and drummer Tyshawn Sorey, making their second appearance with Compassion, the knockout follow-up to their debut album, Uneasy (ECM, 2021). The trio, denoting a remarkable maturity, presents 12 tracks, including nine originals and three covers. 

The album opens with the mesmerizing title track, “Compassion”, characterized by a modern creative gloss and a captivating equilibrium. Soft cymbal rubs and gentle snare pressure set the tone, gradually building alongside subdued bass and poignant pianism, evoking a vast harmonic landscape of emotional depth. “Arch”, dedicated to the anti-apartheid South African Archbishop Desmond Tutu, follows suit with a piano figure and poised rhythmic matrix.

“Maelstrom” is a stunning composition rooted in classical protocols yet infused with a forward-thinking jazz feel. Expertly played, it features Iyer’s percussive attack on the lower register at some point, giving it a rock-solid danceability. “Tempest” is wild and metrically challenging, oozing an indomitable energy as the group navigates chord clusters and expresses fleet thoughts in the form of pivotal notes and screwy lines. Both pieces pay homage to the victims of the Covid-19 pandemic.

Iyer drew inspiration from Chicago poet Eve L. Ewing on two selections, namely, the epic “Where I Am”, forging ahead with a robust rhythm and spartan fortitude, and “Ghostrumental”, driven by a nice pop/rock beat.

In addition to original compositions, the bandleader offers interpretations of Stevie Wonder’s “Overjoyed”, boosted by a kinetic three-time feel, Roscoe Mitchell’s “Nonaah”, a vivacious avant-jazz narrative with fragmentation and dilatation, and a mashup of John Stubblefield’s “Free Spirits” and Geri Allen’s “The Drummer’s Song”.

In the hands of these visionary musicians, jazz remains elegant and transformative. Iyer has proven time and time again that he explores deep, with imagination. Compassion confirms his special talents, echoing with an easy-on-the-ear sophistication. 

Favorite Tracks:
01 - Compassion ► 02 - Arch ► 04 - Maelstrom ► 06 - Tempest

John Surman - Words Unspoken

Label: ECM Records, 2024

Personnel - John Surman: soprano and baritone saxophone, bass clarinet; Rob Luft: guitar; Rob Waring: vibraphone; Thomas Stronen: drums.

English multi-reedist John Surman makes a captivating return with this quartet album, Words Unspoken, featuring bandmates guitarist Rob Luft, vibraphonist Rob Waring, and Norwegian drummer Thomas Stronen. The title aptly reflects the group’s approach to music, and the words intuition and illumination come to mind whenever the pragmatic harmonic circularity of Surman’s modal pieces is on display as well as the outstanding improvisational prowess of all band members.

There’s an ancient allure in this music that compels listeners to search as they navigate vivid sonic landscapes, both real and imaginary. The timbral hues are varied, and “Pebble Dance” sets the stage with its intriguing blend of vibraphone dexterity, ambient guitar chords, and delicately brushed drums, establishing a hypnotic groove in 5/4 tempo. Surman shines brightly in a magnificent soprano saxophone solo, showcasing freedom, speed, and agility. The touching title track, “Words Unspoken”, discloses a more introspective side, as Surman delivers emotive baritone saxophone melodies against a backdrop of gently spinning celestial particles.

“Flower in Aspic” kicks off with reverb-drenched guitar, echoing with grace while having all musicians sharing an intrinsic connection with stability and resolution. “Around the Edges” exudes a mysterious aura, inviting us to unlock a forgotten dimension. The folksy “Onich Ceilidh” dances with exhilarating waltzing movements, having Stronen’s understated clutter enhancing the irresistible textural spell of the rhythm section.

Both “Belay That” and “Hawksmoor”, melodically anchored by Surman’s bass clarinet, offer a departure from the prevalent modal mood. The former denotes magnetic jazzy and bluesy inclinations, while the latter shows off a playful theme marked by staccato accents and a swinging cultivation underneath.

The album’s perfect blend of sounds manifests Surman’s consummate musicality and artistic vision. Words Unspoken is another winning album in a catalog full of them.

Favorite Tracks:
01 - Pebble Dance ► 02 - Words Unspoken ► 08 - Belay That

The Choir Invisible - Town of Two Faces

Label: Intakt Records, 2024

Personnel - Charlotte Greve: alto saxophone, voice; Chris Tordini: acoustic bass; Vinnie Sperrazza: drums. Guests: Fay Victor: voice (#5).

The Choir Invisible emerges as a newfangled, harmony-less trio hailing from Brooklyn, comprising German-born saxophonist Charlotte Greve, bassist Chris Tordini, and drummer Vinnie Sperrazza. Infusing nuanced rhythmic detail, to-the-point melodies, and a seamless fusion of jazz and rock elements, the trio strikes a harmonic balance and stylistic coherence in their quietly moving sophomore release, Town of Two Faces.

Greve’s composition “Membrane” springs to life with a stealthy bass intro, setting the stage for a narrative rich in thematic tonal shifts, fluid jazz sensibilities, and the steadfastness of rock. “In Heaven”, originally penned by Peter Ivers with lyrics by David Lynch for the latter’s cult film Eraserhead, is a meaty rock song taken to another realm by guest avant-garde jazz singer Fay Victor and powered by a vibrant alto solo.

Greve takes the spotlight in her “Town of Two Faces”, a reference to New Orleans where she sings and also intones logical saxophone lines with both hope and fragility. Tordini’s “21 Years” exudes a sense of positive determination, showcasing his deep, centered bass work along with nice saxophone melodicism and converging drumming for a great atmosphere. “Lockwood”, on the other hand, is sturdy in the pedal points at both ends and effectively diffuse in its exploratory middle section.

Another Tordini composition, “17 East”, swings distinctively, having the bassist exploring groove nuance with rhythmic autonomy. “Stones Covers”, the first of three compositions penned by Sperrazza, propels forward with a pulsating backbeat and just enough bass notes to become harmonically clear. Greve, an excellent melody maker, is impeccably backed by the supportive rhythm section. 

The Choir Invisible achieves an elegant, soulful fluency that invites listeners to unravel some ambiguity but also discern consummate ideas that develop with exquisite taste toward many possibilities. It’s a strong come back from this well-oiled trio.

Favorite Tracks:
01 - Membrane ► 03 - 21 Years ► 04 - Stones Covers

Mary Halvorson - Cloudward

Label: Nonesuch Records, 2024

Personnel - Mary Halvorson: guitar; Adam O’Farrill: trumpet; Jacob Garchik: trombone; Patricia Brennan: vibraphone; Nick Dunston: bass; Tomas Fujiwara: drums + guest Laurie Anderson: violin (#6)

The highly acclaimed Booklyn-based guitarist and composer Mary Halvorson always manages to draw me in with her collision of jarred chords, knotty melodies, and inconspicuous rhythms. Reuniting her Amaryllis Sextet, the guitarist unveils eight new compositions, predominantly penned in 2022, in her latest offering, Cloudward. While this collection exudes a warmer and more accessible vibe compared to Amaryllis and Belladonna, it remains delightfully unpredictable, fearlessly embracing chances without hesitation or defensiveness.

“The Gate” kicks off with an infectious Henry Threadgill-esque groove reinforced with precise marching drumming. Halvorson, though featuring fewer solos than in previous recordings, contributes seasoned harmonic context with winning effects throughout. On the opening piece, she pushes the energy to the horn-filled front. While trombonist Jacob Garchik sounds earnest and articulated, trumpeter Adam O’Farrill is bold in the intervallic choices. “Unscrolling” is painted with melancholy tones, creating a mournful dirge accentuated by Nick Dunston’s rasping bowed bass.

Before turning into a shimmering brushed ballad, “The Tower” texturizes with Halvorson’s rapid runs and cadenced steps marked by pitch dropping and delay effects. It’s a smooth sailing where you’ll find fragmented and pointillistic unisons and an engrossing vibraphone solo by Patricia Brennan topped with juxtaposed interjections from trumpet and trombone in its denouement. “Desiderata” brims with confidence and balance, inflamed by a rock-derived rhythm under the skilled guidance of drummer Tomas Fujiwara. Following a transient quiet vamp, the piece romps up into a kinetic swath of distorted guitar and dissonance.

“Tailhead” flows distinctively, following Fujiwara’s inventive intro, while “Ultramarine” closes out the album with a rift of strangeness. The latter is a modern creative fusion, brilliantly introduced by Dunston and later complemented with Halvorson’s atonal expressionism and labyrinthine harmonies, taking us from a four-chord indie rock progression to a vanguardist fanfare. 

For anyone harboring doubts about Halvorson’s compositional prowess, Cloudward stands as compelling evidence. Here, she rides high waves of inspiration alongside peers that understand her advanced musical mind.

Favorite Tracks:
01 - The Gate ► 02 -The Tower ► 05 - Desiderata 

Ches Smith - Laugh Ash

Label: Pyroclastic Records, 2024

Personnel - Ches Smith: electronics, programming, vives, drums, tubular bells, glockenspiel, timpani, tam tam, metal percussion; Shara Lunon: voice, vocal processing; Anna Webber: flute; Oscar Noriega: clarinets; James Brandon Lewis: tenor saxophone; Nate Wooley: trumpet; Jennifer Choi: violin; Kyle Armbrust: viola; Michael Nicolas: cello; Shahzad Ismaily: bass, keyboards.

Extraordinary drummer and composer Ches Smith brings his A-game to a progressive and eclectic new album, Laugh Ash, gathering a bevy of avant-gardists and improvisers to explore the art of sound and intricate textural layering. His compositional taste and innovative spirit are reflected in numerous instrumental juxtapositions that, at a first instance, are easier to admire than to love. The agitation of the drum machines, synthetic in nature, oppose to the varied chamber moods, and a sense of novelty invades the album, pumping the pieces into an out-of-the-box listening experience.

“Minimalism” shimmers like a soap bubble, taking shape as layered electronic music with a fantastic rhythm, punk-rock singing by Shara Lunon, and synth momentum. This is followed by “Remote Convivial”, which chimes and vibes with slightly glitchy pitches, compound meter patterns, drum machines, spellbinding bass lines, and an outgoing saxophone solo delivered by James Brandon Lewis. The avant-garde scenario is heightened as string players embrace dissonance, akin to gazing at a blurred painting that retains its fundamental meaning.

The 10-piece ensemble dishes out polyrhythmic energies on “Sweatered Webs (Hey Mom)”, where funky bass trajectories meet Haitian rhythms. Lewis contributes another superb inside/outside tenor improvisation, and ethereal chants add a special interest. “Shaken, Stirred Silence” showcases a playful blend of ideas with Eastern connotations, odd meter provocation, asymmetry, angularity, avant expression via Anna Webber’s remarkable flute playing, and swooning electronic sensations that serve as a conclusion. All rhythmically rooted in skittering boom beats.

Clarinetist Oscar Noriega and trumpeter Nate Wooley bring unpredictable melodic directions and steep angles to “Unyielding Daydream Welding”, pirouetting around a foreboding dark drone and lively backbeat. They keep up their interaction in “Disco Inferred”, a propulsive ride with throbbing rhythm and electric funk at the bottom. In the last section, Webber’s rambling flute occupies a center position. In the final piece, “Exit Shivers”, an atmospheric doom metal-inspired work unfolds with quiet eeriness before a startling eruption.

Laugh Ash offers thought-provoking themes and improvisations that may not be immediately accessible but grow in interest with each listen. It's an unclassifiable, gripping album that pushes the boundaries of creative music in an original and compelling way.

Favorite Tracks: 
02 - Remote Convivial ► 03 - Sweatered Webs (Hey Mom) ► 08 - Unyielding Daydream Welding

Sunny Five - Candid

Label: Intakt Records, 2024

Personnel - Tim Berne: alto saxophone; Marc Ducret: Vendramini guitars and table guitar; David Torn: electric guitar, live multi-looping; Devin Hoff: electric bass; Ches Smith: drums, electronics.

Sunny Five is a formidable contemporary jazz quintet comprised of exceptional improvisers and experimentalists. Saxophonist Tim Berne has been a mighty presence in the avant-garde jazz scene for years; Ches Smith is one of the hippest drummers out there; electric bassist Devin Hoff brings alternative perspectives to the music that often fall out of conventional jazz moods; and the highly esteemed guitarists Marc Ducret and David Torn, who extract beautifully offset sounds and effects from their instruments, round out the group with their creative exuberance. Candid is the group’s debut album.

The opener, “Piper”, is an uncluttered experimental exhortation that incorporates drones, electronic echoing, noise guitar pigmentation, swooping saxophone motifs, and freedom in the rhythmic foundation without adhering to a particular direction. “Scratch” follows, with Berne’s thrilling saxophone playing gifting the group deft melodies and sardonic tones over a tapestry of smooth electronics. The conversation continues with the guitarists, accompanied by an amorphously elliptical bass design and agitated drumming. It’s a different kind of prayer that intertwines avant-garde jazz and experimental rock with an enticing unpredictability. Danceable motivic expressionism prevails, but the sounds may transition from dense and loud to quiet and ambiguous.

The group strings together a series of ingeniously eclectic movements over the course of “Craw”, emulating a strange funk vibe at the base via fragmented guitar, an insistent bass underpinning, and a balanced mix of hi-hat, snare, and cymbal on the drum kit. In due course, we have a mantric East-inspired drone and then escalating noise reinforcing the abstraction. Smith’s drumming brings the tempo down, surrounded by the dark hues and sinister atmospheres created by Torn and Ducret.

The monumental 35-minute finale, “Floored”, includes precisely executed twists and turns, showcasing the ensemble’s creative vision and storytelling prowess. The music traverses from cries to shouts, from ominous to appeasing sounds, and from corrosive and incendiary moments to thoughtful and tense considerations. Its quasi-apocalyptic fervor can be intimidating, yet it captivates with its depth and intensity.

Given the daring explorative strengths of Sunny Five, listeners are encouraged to let Candid soak in. Repeated listenings promise a vibrant experience, with every detail revealing itself anew and resonating with the richness of the ensemble's musical tapestry. 

Favorite Tracks:
02 - Scratch ► 03 - Craw ► 04 - Floored

Myra Melford's Fire and Water Quintet - Hear the Light Singing

Label: RogueArt, 2023

Personnel - Myra Melford: piano; Ingrid Laubrock: tenor and soprano saxophone; Mary Halvorson: guitar; Tomeka Reid: cello; Lesley Mok: drums.

Pianist and composer Myra Milford, a longtime standard-bearer for the avant-garde and new-jazz movements, reunites her synergistic all-female quintet Fire and Water for their second outing. Connecting improvised and through-composed movements, these five new ‘insertions’, written to highlight the musicians’ qualities, subvert expectations as the group members stretch their instruments from familiar environments without feeling too experimental. The ensemble, featuring saxophonist Ingrid Laubrock, cellist Tomeka Reid, and guitarist Mary Halvorson, welcomes Brooklyn-based drummer Lesley Mok, who replaces Susie Ibarra on the kit.

"Insertion One" launches the album with assertiveness and expansiveness, featuring intricate piano work with contrapuntal glides and striking ostinatos. Boasting a strong and sinuous lead melody, the piece has the group speak to their open-mindedness, mirrored in effusive solos by Laubrock, who emphasizes the rhythmic temperament of her phrases, and Halvorson, who, as usual, creates quirky guitar moods with the help of peculiar effects. 

Melford’s penchant for complex meter signatures is evident in “Insertion Four” and “Insertion Five”. The former, beautifully layered by Halvorson at the outset, unfolds sluggishly with a pulsating arpeggiated piano cadence in 7/4 time, while the latter delves into a joyous, to-the-point rhythm in nine, creating a wince of powerful emotion. If, for some reason, these wonderfully sinuous melodies don’t claim your attention, the outstanding rhythms will.

Carrying a balladic intonation, “Insertion Two” has prayerful cello considerations over smooth piano accompaniment, a cyclic progression in five by Halvorson, who also delivers a whimsically atonal solo, and a tenor saxophone improvisation. "Insertion Three A+B" is a more liberal and expansive 18-and-a-half-minute journey, initially marked by noise rock and avant-garde abstraction. Working together, Melford and Laubrock ramble in improvised spirals, later joined by Halvorson’s queasy guitar overdrive. Then, it’s Mok who booms and throbs unaccompanied, building up phrases with timbral sophistication. The next movement is rendered with gorgeous staccato guitar articulation before the reappearance of thematic unisons.

Still inspired by American painter Cy Twombly's drawings, the composed material feels like a conjuring of spontaneous collective spirit. The supple musicians understand the strength and place of their sounds within the whole, creating an album that, much like their debut, is highly recommended for its delightful specifics to be discovered with each listen.

Favorite Tracks: 
01 - Insertion One ► 04 - Insertion Four ► 05 - Insertion Five

Matana Roberts - Coin Coin Chapter Five: In the Garden

Label: Constellation Records, 2023

Personnel - Matana Roberts: horns, percussion, harmonicas, wordspeak, composition; Darius Jones: alto saxophone, voice; Matt Lavelle: alto clarinet, pocket trumpet; Stuart Bogie: bass clarinet, clarinet, vocal; Mazz Swift: violin, vocal; Cory Smythe: piano, vocal; Kyp Malone: synths; Mike Pride: drums, percussion; Ryan Sawyer: drums, percussion; jaimie branch (courage 1983-2022).

The fifth installment of the Coin Coin project by Chicago-born saxophonist, composer, artist and activist Matana Roberts has arrived, offering a poetic declaration of freedom in them unique, signature style. This time, the theme of abortion weaves through the tracks with open-ended musicality and forward-thinking beliefs. The recording resounds with a powerful slogan that repeats throughout, brimming with newfound urgency: "my name is your name; our name is their name; we are named; we remember, they forgot”.

Surrounded by a new cast of like-minded musicians, Roberts employs an intelligent combination of sounds and words to tell the story of a woman in her ancestral line who tragically passed away due to complications from an illegal abortion. Civil rights are addressed in a record dedicated to the influential late cultural critic Greg Tate. 

The album comes out of the gate with “We Said”, featuring shamanic metallic percussion combined with layers of elongated saxophone that contribute to a dense drone. The marching drums carries clarion tin whistles in a folkloric liberation reminiscent of The Art Ensemble of Chicago. The music complements the words, particularly on “Unbeknownst”, which feels like a work song with violin and clarinet playing cyclic figures over a taut rhythm. 

Two standout pieces, “Predestined Confessions” and “Shake My Bones”, showcase exhilarating saxophone exchanges between Roberts on tenor and Darius Jones on alto. The former piece is a modal weep turned cacophonous spectacle with multiphonics at some point, while the latter is fleshed out with motivic insights, transitioning through a swing feel forged with with a three-time pulse before concluding in a celebratory and revolutionary turbulence.

Sometimes cathartic, sometimes quiet, the music is always confrontational, refusing concessions to ensure the message resonates widely and deeply. Observe how the instruments freely cut through the rhythms on “Different Rings”, creating a a dramatic clamor. Feel the relentless rock-tinged pulse driving “How Prophetic”, accompanied by elated riffs, or how the harmonious vocal alignment on “But I Never Heard a Sound So Loud”, a traditional African-American lullaby. Darker, distorted soundscapes are found on “No Way Chastened” as a result of Mazz Swift’s smoggy violin and Cory Smythe’s deep harmonic clouds.

Regardless on how different these pieces may sound, they undeniably bear Roberts' creative signature. Them invocations can be mystic, experimental, modern free jazz blasts, or simple structures with cyclic synth sequences, but they always seek truth and justice. It’s a significant artistic endeavor.

Favorite Tracks:
03 - Unbeknownst ► 04 - Predestined Confessions ► 12 - Shake My Bones

Kate Gentile - Find Letter X

Label: Pi Recordings, 2023

Personnel - Jeremy Viner: tenor saxophone, clarinet, bass clarinet; Matt Mitchell: piano, Prophet-6, modular synths, electronics; Kim Cass: electric and acoustic bass; Kate Gentile: drums, vibraphone, composition.

The multifaceted drummer and composer, Kate Gentile, demonstrates how her compositions can encompass magnetic rhythms, mechanic entanglement, and fluid gravitation in a seismic triple album that offers over three hours of modern creative music. Leading an explorative quartet of Brooklyn-based creatives, including keyboardist Matt Mitchell (her co-conspirator in the Snark Horse duo project), bassist Kim Cass, and saxophonist/clarinetist Jeremy Viner, Gentile mounted Find Letter X in three volumes with a total of 41 tracks. In this review, I will primarily focus on Volume I, titled Iridian Alphabet, an evocation of the magic hour of the night and the mystery drawn from the inexplicable.

The album begins with the short-lived but exquisite “Pulse Capsule”, featuring a syncopated beat and strong electronic components. It proceeds to “Laugh Magic”, an overheated psychedelic journey that lifts us from the ground into the atmosphere. The tranquility of the saxophone is set against the frantic pulsations created by piano, bass and drums. The tempo gradually accelerates alongside mutations in texture, leading to exciting solos from Mitchell and Viner over a churning musical tapestry. 

The acutely nuanced “Subsurface” highlights saxophone multiphonics on top of a deep substratum. It immerses the listener in a hazy cloud of tranquility punctuated with a few dark spots, all accompanied by Gentile’s effective brushwork. Even transcending influences, Viner’s solo here awakens memories of Sam Rivers’s playing. “Recursive Access” boasts a mesmerizing punk-rock drive with enough groove nuance to make you hooked. It also features a cacophonous dialogue between Viner and Mitchell, bringing up gradual changes over time. In a whimsical approach, Gentile ends up stepping up and down in tempo.

“In Casks” opens with a wonderful bass soliloquy and unfolds with polyrhythmic expertise. This fashionable expressiveness persists on burning avant-garde swaggers lie “Ore Whorls” and “Erinome”. The group makes “Prismatoid” as much accentuated and fractured as malleable, forging a shape that represents the swing of the new era. And Cass delivers a zippy statement that deserves one’s full attention. The first volume concludes with “Invisible Wolves”, a porous sound bubble reverberating with vibraphone, droning aesthetics, and a looming sense of danger.

Volume II (Senselessness) takes on a more aggressive tone, infused with high-octane noise, grainy textures, and distortion for a prog-rock, post-punk, trashy metal feast that feels like a futuristic fusion. Volume III (The Cosmic Brain) is a personal favorite, exploring a variety of energies and tones with baffling intricacy and metrical fascination.

Kate Gentile showcases her excellent skills, nodding to different styles in order to create deliberate abstraction and unwavering certitude. The epic Find Letter X stands as one of the most high-energy opuses of the year.

Favorite Tracks:
04 - Subsurface ► 05 - Recursive Access ► 08 - Ore Whorls

Angelica Sanchez Nonet - Nighttime Creatures

Label: Pyroclastic Records, 2023

Personnel - Angelica Sanchez: piano; Michael Attias: alto sax; Ben Goldberg: contra-alto bass clarinet; Chris Speed: tenor sax, clarinet; Thomas Heberer: quarter-tone trumpet; Kenny Warren: cornet; Omar Tamez: guitar; John Hébert: bass; Sam Ospovat: drums.

Fascinated by the darkness of the woods, the creatures that inhabit it, and the occasional moonshine from which it borrows some light, pianist and composer Angelica Sanchez presents new compositions that took her six years to write and arrange. Here, she forges ahead in the acoustic nonet setting with a consistency and quality that is visible throughout. Nighttime Creatures is a testament to her strong musical relationship with the musicians that follow her and her art of composing for a large ensemble, all the while leaving space for individual improvisation. Who wouldn’t do that with a band that incorporates top improvisers such as altoist Michael Attias, tenorist Chris Speed, and clarinetist Ben Goldberg?

The title track opens the recording with a strategic balance between highly articulated counterpoint and synchronization. The relaxed narrative is filled with stargazing melodies, mysterious atmospheric suggestions, and firm harmonic sequences that galvanize Goldberg for a delicious contra-alto bass clarinet solo. He’s followed by Attias, whose agile language invites trumpeter Thomas Heberer for an impromptu chat.

“Cloud House” begins with Speed’s tenor lines and later incorporates unimposing piano remarks and the confident bass notes of John Hébert as support. The atmosphere is entrenched with both metaphor and lucidity, and the music becomes sultry at different junctures, just to be steamed up by a tone-defiant solo by Goldberg before ending in radiant orchestral lusciousness. “Land Here” brings in more angularity, passing through a crescendo before landing safely, while “Astral Light of Alarid”, written for Sanchez’s late father, waltzes and explores other rhythms with feeling, sometimes with Latin traces. The pianist delivers a fine statement infused with glaring motifs on this one.

Showcasing the influence of and admiration for pianist Carla Bley, “C.B. The Time Traveler” is set in motion with a lazy flow that gives it a melancholy tone. This rhythmically interesting effort mutates along the way, offering a fluid, slightly funkified groove, concurrent improvs by Goldberg and guitarist Omar Tamez, and accelerations for a bustling finale packed with melodic intersections. Also influenced by Bley’s concept of chronotransduction, is “Wrong Door For Rocket Fuel”, whose tones reminded me of those of the Pink Panther theme but with cross-cutting phrases layering melodic movements like lapping waves.

Admirably and sumptuously arranged, Duke Ellington’s “Lady of the Lavender Mist” contains wonderful movements and solos that can captivate most straight-ahead jazz listeners. The record concludes with “Run”, a rampant association of exuberant sounds that brought to mind Mingus’ swinging fun pieces, all with just enough avant-garde jazz push to make them special.

Making us hypnotized and alert at the same time, this album is a great place to start if you’re not familiar with Sanchez’s music as it represents a big, beautiful picture of what she can do.

Favorite Tracks:
01 - Nighttime Creatures ► 02 - C.B. The Time Traveler ► 11 - Run

Anna Webber - Shimmer Wince

Label: Intakt Records, 2023

Personnel - Anna Webber: tenor saxophone, flutes; Adam O’Farrill; trumpet; Elias Stemeseder: synthesizer; Mariel Roberts: cello; Lesley Mok: drums.

Constantly at the vanguard of the most adventurous jazz, saxophonist and composer Anna Webber explores a laborious yet stimulating concept with her remarkable new quintet in her latest release, Shimmer Wince. By interlocking mathematical patterns and polyrhythmic pitches, Webber creates intricate frameworks that sound perfectly natural and balanced, employing a concept known as Just Intonation. Requiring a lot of effort from the musicians, this process - an ancient tuning system based on the natural harmonics and resonances of notes - is applied to her own rhythmic and harmonic investments. 

The opening track, “Swell” is a characteristic example of post-modernistic ingenuity laced with circularity and improvisation. It falls into a kind of modal blues that, starting uninterruptedly at the base with Elias Stemeseder’s synth and Mariel Roberts’ cello, is disrupted by Lesley Mok’s cymbal washes and scratches, progressively gaining body and form with the help of her proliferating drumming. As the track unfolds, occasional cello pedals encourage freedom to be simultaneously embraced by Webber and trumpeter Adam O’Farrill.

“Wince” resonates rhythmically with a sweeping rock-inspired backbeat and non-linear pulses, framing an asymmetric sonic landscape. Showcasing exciting trumpet artistry, O’Farrill opts for a dense yet highly articulated vocabulary, while Webber infuses her solo with substantial malleability, adapting seamlessly to a new foundational terrain. “Fizz”, on the other hand, seems inspired by uncompromising, playful electronic music. This distinctive atmosphere is produced via synth, rhythmically stirred by snare rudiments that drive the music forward at just the right speed. Melodically, it comes stamped with flute and cello figures.

Demonstrating an uncanny ability to create detours within her own style, the saxophonist employs multiphonics as a vehicle for superb rhythmic punctuation on “Periodicity I”. Here, Roberts is free to mine the lower registers with rasping tones and also contributes contrapuntal incisions. Fragmented rhythms, glitchy sounds, and digital sonic matrixes are part of a big musical equation that acquires a seductive exoticism through an expressively powerful tenor statement. Also brilliantly orchestrated, “Squirmy” features in-and-out flute zigzags, becoming abstract and droning along the way before returning to the vibrant counterpoint that often permeates these pieces.

Shimmer Wince stands as a monument to unbridled creativity; a demanding yet tightly woven body of work where the musicians play with and against each other, exploring new directions with both rigor and ingenuity. Despite all the intricacies associated, Webber never loses her compositional and artistic identity. 

Favorite Tracks:
01 - Swell ► 02 - Wince ► 04 - Periodicity I

HIIT - For Beauty is Nothing But the Beginning of Terror

Label: Clean Feed Records, 2023

Personnel - Simone Quatrana: piano; Andrea Grossi: double bass; Pedro Melo Alves: drums.

HIIT, an innovative avant-garde jazz trio that stems from the Italian and Portuguese jazz scenes, has unveiled an interesting debut album that traverses an array of inspirations and atmospheres, ranging from frayed tension to thoughtful musing. Pianist Simone Quatrana, double bassist Andrea Grossi, and drummer Pedro Melo Alves employ a strategy of compositional frames that feed real-time composition, elevating the classic piano trio format to a gripping level.

In the embrace of experimentalism, the album kicks off with “Gliss Glass”, a piece bursting with feverish timbre and motion, simmering with boiling pressure until giving way to a series of zigzagging glissandi. The subsequent track, “Ecotone”, has whirling piano runs creating a sense of vertigo, accompanied by a cascade of kaleidoscopic drumming. Irrepressible piano cycles surge at a rapid pace, while lyrical arco bass melodies search for peace of mind, detached from the chaos surrounding them. The placid bowing wins in the end.

Formidable mosaics of improvised music get specificities in textures while paying tribute to various personalities. For instance, “Concetto Spaziale” delves into contemplative sonic mysteries, interweaving sparse bass notes, overtly brushed drums, and a dreamy piano temperament to celebrate Lucio Fontana and his synthesized art known as Spatialism. Other pieces follow suit: “Urge”, dedicated to Italian photographer Roberto Masotti, plays with tonal contrasts - light and heavy, dark and clear, assertive and carefree; “Taro” marries 20th-century classical music with avant-garde, honoring jazz pianist Giorgio Gaslini; and “The Tartar Steppe”, named after Dino Buzzati’s distinguished novel, adopts a serene posture with minimalistic classical modernism at the core.

The trio skillfully intertwines sounds with a slippery subversion in “Urbe”, where contemporary groove indulgence, reminiscent of Matthew Shipp, positions fragmented bass lines and cluster piano harmonizations atop a hypnotic rhythmic spell. Similar results are achieved with the utterly propulsive “Clichés”, whose deliberately reiterated ideas emulate electronic alienation. 

Imbued with a spirit of sophisticated discovery, this recording is more than mere speculation. It’s a solid musical statement from an explorative trio that operates efficiently.

Favorite Tracks:
02 - Ecotone ► 05 - Urbe ► 08 - The Tartar Steppe

Todd Sickafoose - Bear Proof

Label: Secret Hatch Records, 2023

Personnel - Ben Goldberg: clarinet; Kirk Knuffke: cornet; Jenny Scheinman: violin; Adam Levy: guitar; Erik Deutsch: piano; Rob Reisch: accordion; Todd Sickafoose: bass; Allison Miller: drums.

15 years after the release of his must-listen album Tiny Resistors (CryptoGramophone, 2008), American bassist, composer and producer Todd Sickafoose puts out another fantastic long-form octet effort, Bear Proof. This commissioned work, recorded at one continuous take and intended to be played straight-through, allows his ambitious tones and wealth of ideas come to full fruition with the help of creative musicians. Supported by a super busy frontline of deft improvisers such as cornetist Kirk Knuffke, clarinetist Ben Goldberg and violinist Jenny Scheinman, Sickafoose also ensures a resourceful rhythm section with guitarist Adam Levy, pianist Erik Deutsch, accordionist Rob Reisch, and the rock-steady drumming of Allison Miller.

“The Gold Gate” serves as an inviting opener, relying on a formidable collision of chamber riffage and a magnetic beat that further matures into a pulsing 11-beat cycle. ‘This is mighty fine’, we think, but there’s still time to enjoy Scheinman’s agile fiddle playing before grand piano chords take us to “Bent to Shape”. The latter number, strangely conveying hastiness without really rushing things, has Goldberg and Deutsch working closely before finishing in febrile avant-garde excitement. 

Sickafoose patterned his groove in quintuple meter for “Switched On”, which highlights Knuffke and Scheinman in the improvisation department. Under their feet, texture and intensity keep changing without affecting the overall balance. On a different note, the cheery and playful “Flush” gets off the ground with wide piano jumps, handing out solos (from Goldberg and Scheinman) built around passionate harmonic accompaniment. It concludes with deep bass reflections over a drone proposed by violin and accordion.

The fluid musical states emerge, evolve, and sometimes expand before segueing into another theme that, like the previous ones, are part of this dynamic musical body. While “Boom Bust Start Up” explodes in epic colors with clear allusions to blues and rock ’n’ roll, “Turns Luck” is orchestrated with meditative depth, achieving a chilled-out atmosphere. Also floating in repose are “Magnetic North” and “Reverse Fortune”, American folk-induced ballads with prominent guitar work. The former piece, definitely a favorite, morphs unexpectedly into a quiet vamp enhanced by Knuffke’s incredible command of the cornet. How beautifully he sounds here!

Sickafoose is adroit at composing, directing, and framing the sprawling energies of a music that was about time to see the light of day. 

*** Note: we had the pleasure to hear this music live at Winter JazzFest 2020 in New York City - check it out here: https://jazztrail.net/winter-jazzfest-2020-manhattan-marathon-1-nyc-jan-10/

Favorite Tracks: 
01 - The Gold Gate ► 03 - Switched On ► 05 - Magnetic North